টার্ম পেপার
Uvg© †ccvi
wk‡ivbvg
: ˆe‡`wkK †iwg‡U¨Ý Gi mgm¨v, m¤¢ebv Ges f~wgKv|
Dc¯’vcbv
Dc¯’vcbv
bvg :
‡gvt kvgxg †nvm‡b
‡kªYx t
m¤§vb 2q eh©, †kÖbx †ivj t 2201220
RvZxq wek¦ t 8012211 ‡iwR bs t wkÿv el© t 2011-2012
ZË¡veavqK
bvg t
†gv t Avmv`y¾vgvb
cÖfvlK,
A_©bxwZ wefvM
miKvix
Gg Gg K‡jR,h‡kvi
cÖ¯‘Z
Ki‡bi ZvwiL t miKvix Gg Gg K‡jR,
h‡kvi|
iPbvi †gŠwjKZ¡
Ò‰e‡`wkK
ev †iwg‡UÝ Gi mgm¨v, m¤¢ebv Ges f~wgKvÓ wk‡ivbv‡g iwPZ Uvg©‡ccvi Avgvi wb‡R¯^
M‡elbvKg©| Avwg A_©bxwZ wefvM‡i 2011-2012 wkÿv e‡l©i 2q e‡l©i QvÎ| GB g‡g©
‡Nvlbv Kwi‡ZwQ †h, wewfbœ eB, †ccvi, B›Uvi‡bU Z‡_¨i gva¨‡g wewfbœ Z_¨ msNªn K‡i
Uvg© †ccviwU ˆZwi KiwQ| GKRb wkÿvbwek M‡elK wnmv‡e Avgvi mxgve×Zvi Rb¨ ÿgv
my›`i `„wó‡Z Avgvi M‡elbv Kg© g~j¨vqb n‡e e‡j Avgvi cÖZ¨vkv|
webvqebZ,
bvg :
‡gvt kvgxg †nvm‡b
†kÖbx
†ivj t 2201220, RvZxq wek¦ t 8012211
‡iwR bs t wkÿv
el© t 2011-2012
gyLeÜ
A_©bxwZ Ggb GKwU welq hv ¯’vwbZ wfwˇZ †`‡ki
Av_©-mgvvwRK welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i, g~jZ †`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
Kivq A_©kv‡¯’i g~j D‡Ïk¨|
Avgvi GB Uvg© †ccviwU cwiwa ïaygvÎ Ò‰e‡`wkK †iwg‡UÝ Gi
mgm¨v, m¤¢ebv Ges f~wgKvÓ GB Uvg© †ccviwU‡Z †h mg¯Í Z_¨ Dc¯’vcbv K‡iwQ †mB mg¯Í
Z_¨¸wj Avwg cÖZ¨ÿfA‡e msMÖn K‡iwQ| ˆe‡`wkK †iwgU¨vÝ Avgv‡`i Av_© mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b
f~wgKv iv‡L| †Zgwb Gi bvbvwea mgm¨vI cwijwÿZ nq| GB Uvg© †ccviwU hw` †Kvb
cwiKíbv cÖbq‡b f~wgKv iv‡L Ges cwiÿKM‡Yi Kv‡Q we›`ygvÎ cÖmswkZ nq| Zvn‡j Avgvi
kÖg I †gav mv_©K e‡j Avwg g‡b Ki‡ev| ZviciI hw` Uvg© †ccviwU cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡b †Kvbiæc
fzj ÎæwU n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j †m ¸wj ÿgv my›`i `„wó‡Z †`L‡eb|
m~wPcÎ
|
µwgK bs
|
welq
|
c„ôv bs
|
|
|
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
|
|
|
1.1
|
f~wgKv
|
|
|
1.2
|
cUf~wg
|
|
|
1.3
|
M‡elbvi D‡Ïk¨
|
|
|
|
2q Aa¨vq
|
|
|
2.1
|
‡iwg‡UÝ
|
|
|
2.2
|
‰e‡`wkK †iwg‡U‡Ýi f~wgKv ev ¸iæZ¡ c~Y©
|
|
|
2.3
|
cÖevmx‡`i †iwg‡UÝ †cÖi‡b cÖwZe×KZv ev mgm¨v
|
|
|
2.4
|
‡iwg‡UÝ e„w×i Dcvq
|
|
|
|
3q Aa¨vq
|
|
|
3.1
|
evsjv‡`‡ki Rbkw³ ißvwb cÖevn
|
|
|
3.2
|
evsjv‡`‡ki †iwg‡UÝ Avq cÖevn
|
|
|
3.3
|
‰e‡`wkK Kg©ms¯’vb I †iwg‡UÝ
|
|
|
3.4
|
‡`kwfw³K Rbkw³ icvwšÍ I †iwg‡UÝ
|
|
|
|
4_© Aa¨vq
|
|
|
4.1
|
‡iwgU¨vÝ Ges wiRvf©
|
|
|
4.2
|
‡iwgU¨vb Gi m¤¢ebv
|
|
|
|
5g Aa¨vq
|
|
|
5.1
|
Dcmsnvi
|
|
|
|
Z_¨i Drm mg~n
|
|
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
1.1 f~wgKv t Dbœqbkxj †`k wnmv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK
cÖe„w× I `vwi`ªZv `~ixKi‡Y †iwgU¨vÝ ¸iæZ¡c~b© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| GUv
evsjv‡`‡kj ˆe‡`wkK Av‡qi wØZxq e„nËg Drm| [evsjv‡`k e¨vsK-2012]| AvbyôvwbKfv‡e
evsjv‡`‡k 1976 mv‡j cÖ_g Rbkw³ ißvwb ïiæ K‡i| H eQi 14,000 gvbyl Kv‡Ri m×v‡b
ga¨ cÖvP¨ wM‡qwQj Ges †mB eQiB Zviv 5 †KvwU gvwK©b Wjvi †iwgU¨vÝ wnmv‡e
evsjv‡`‡k cvwV‡qwQj| e¯‘Z Gi †_‡K Rbkw³ ißvwbi cwigvb Ges †iwgU¨vÝ cwigvb
µgvš^‡q e„w× cv‡”Q|
`wÿb
Gwkqvi GKwU Rbeûj Ges GKwU Dbœqbkxj †`‡k n‡jv evsjv‡`k| Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kivi
Rb¨, RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡K kw³kvjx Kivi Rb¨ A_¨šÍixb c~wR cÖevn e„w× Kivi Rb¨,
ˆe‡`vwkK gy`ªvi wiRvf© wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ eû ‰e‡`wkK gy`ªv cÖwZeQi evsjv‡`‡ki
A_©bxwZ‡Z mshy³ nq †iwgU¨vÝ wnmv‡e| GQvov eZ©gv‡b †iwg‡UÝ AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb Ges
†iwgU¨vÝ Gi mwVK e¨envi wbwðZKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ hy³ivóª wfwËK wWcvU©‡g›U di
B›Uvib¨vkbvj †W‡fj‡cg›U (DFID) ms¯’vi A_©vq‡b †m‡Þ¤^i 2006
†_‡K †iwgU¨vÝ GÛ †c‡g›Um cvU©viwkc kxl©K cÖKí MÖnb Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvi mdj
ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j †`kxq I AvšÍRv©wZK ch©v‡q †iwg‡UÝ cÖwµqv Ki‡Y h‡_ó gvÎvi Dbœqb
mvwaZ n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| D‡jøL¨ 209-10 A_© eQ‡i cÖevmx‡`i †cÖwiZ A‡_©i
cwigvb `vwo‡q‡Q 10987 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi hv c~e© cieZx© A_© eQ‡ii Zzjbvq cÖvq
12 kZvsk †ewk|
1.2 cUf~wg : ˆe‡`wkK A_© Z_v †iwgU¨vÝ ïaygvÎ ˆe‡`wkK
Znwe‡ji e„w×B NUvq bv eis evsjv‡`‡ki `vwi`ªZv `~ixKib Ges mvgwMÖK A_©‰bwZK
Dbœq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~b© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| †iwgU¨vÝ Av‡qi Dci wfwË K‡i evsjv‡`k
2021 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Òga¨ Av‡qi †`‡kÓ cwiYZ n‡e| we‡`‡k Kg©iZ Rbkw³ KZ©„K †cÖwiZ
A‡_©i gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi wfwË kw³kvjx n‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k †cÖwiZ 2009-10 A_©eQ‡i
†iwgU¨v‡Ýi cwigvb 10,987,40 wgwjwqb Wjvi| †iwgU¨vÝ Av‡qi w`K †_‡K we‡k¦
evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb mßg| fviZ, Pxb, wdwjcvBb, g¨vw·‡Kv, bvB‡Rwiqv Ges wgk‡ii c‡i
evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb| evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi Dbœqb we‡`‡k Kg©iZ
evsjv‡`kx kÖwgKiv Pvu`v cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g ¸iæZ¡c~b© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| we‡`‡k
Kg©iZ kÖwgK‡`i DcvwR©Z †iwgU¨vÝ Avq ïaygvÎ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi
wiRvf©B evovq bv eis Zv‡`i cwievi‡K RxebhvÎvi gvbI DbœZ K‡i _v‡K| we‡`‡k Kg©iZ
evsjv‡`kx kÖwgK‡`i †`‡k wewb‡qvMK…Z A‡_©i cwigvb w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q|
1.3 M‡elbvi D‡Ïk¨ : gvbe mf¨Zvi µg weKv‡kii mv‡_ mv‡_
A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vi ev welq e¯‘i e¨vcK cÖmvi N‡U‡Q| †h †Kvb welq mwVK fv‡e
we‡køl‡bi Rb¨ M‡elbvi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| mg‡qi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ bZzb byZb Z_¨
e¨e¯’vi cÖmvi N‡U‡Q| †Kvb wKQy M‡elbvi †c‡Q‡b ¸iæZ¡c~b© D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K| hvi Dci
wfwË K‡i M‡elK KvR K‡i _vK‡| D‡Ïk¨ wenxb †Kvb KvR Pj‡Z cv‡i bv| wb‡¤œ M‡elbvi
D‡Ïk¨ †`Iqv nj|
1.
M‡elbvi
1g I cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ nj ˆe‡`vwkK †iwgU¨vÝ Gi Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© avibv jvf Kiv|
2.
‰e‡`wkK
†iwgU¨vÝ wKfv‡e DbœwZ Ges cÖmvi NUv‡bv hvq Zvi Dci M‡elbv Kiv|
3.
wewfbœ
†`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Rvbv
4.
Ges
†iwgU¨vÝ Gi fwel¨vZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv ev M‡elbv Kiv|
2q
Aa¨vq
2.1 †iwgU¨vÝ wK? t Bs‡iwR kã| Gi evsjv cÖwZkã n‡”Q
cÖevmx‡`i †cÖwiZ A_© ev ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv| myZivs kãMZ A‡_© ejv hvq †h, †Kvb cÖevmx
ev we‡`‡k Kg©iZ e¨w³eM© Zv‡`i AwR©Z A_© wb‡`‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb wgwU‡q D×…‡Ëi †h Ask
†`‡k ‡cÖib K‡i ZvB nj †iwgU¨vÝ| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, fwel¨r myL mg„w× jv‡fi Avkvq
†Kvb cÖevmx e¨w³eM© Zv‡`i KóvwR©Z A‡_©i †h Ask wbR wbR †`‡k ‡cÖib K‡i Zv‡K
†iwgU¨vÝ ev ˆe‡`wkK Avq e‡j| Dbœqb kxj †`‡ki kÖwgK ch©v‡qi Rbmgwó ga¨cÖvP¨, `~i
cÖvP¨ wKsev cwðgv (BD‡ivc, Av‡gwiKv) †`kmg~‡n ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq, evsjv‡`k GKwU
Dbœqbkxj †`k| G‡`‡ki cÖvq 30 j‡ÿ¨i AwaK kÖwgK ga¨cÖvP¨ wKsev cwðgv †`k mg~‰n
Kg©iZ i‡q‡Q| GmKj cÖevmx cÖwZeQi cÖPzi cwigv‡b †iwgU¨vÝ ev ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv ‡`‡k
†cÖib K‡i _v‡K| Gi d‡j †`‡ki wR.wW.wc cÖe„w×i nvi cÖwZ eQi e„w× cv‡”Q|
‘A
payment of mony sent to person in an another place in clleh remitance’ [ pronceton University
‘Mony
send home by migraints constitutes the second largest finanical inflow to mony
developing countries excceding international aid called remittance [World Bank]
g~jZ we‡`‡k Kg©iZ e¨w³e‡M©i †cÖwiZ A_© nj †iwgU¨vÝ| GwU
†h †Kvb Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki Rb¨ Avkx©ev` ¯^iæc|
2.2 ˆe‡`wkK †iwgU¨vÝ Gi f~wgKv t evsjv‡`k `wÿb Gwkqvi
GKwU Rbeûj Ges Dbœqbkxj‡`k| Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Rb¨ eû gvbyl cÖwZeQi we‡`k Mgb K‡i| Avi
Zviv †h A_© cvVvq Zv †iwgU¨vÝ wnmv‡e Avgv‡`i A_©bxwZ‡Z GK wekvj Ae`vb iv‡L|
c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki gZ evsjv‡`‡k †iwgU¨vÝ Gi f~wgKv ev ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK| †hUv
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K we‡kl fv‡e cÖfvweZ Ki‡Q| wb‡¤œ ˆe‡`wkK †iwgU¨vÝ Gi f~wgKv
Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|
v
wewb‡qvM
e„w× t †`‡ki wewb‡qvM e„w×i ‡ÿ‡Î ˆe‡`wkK †iwgU¨vÝ ¸iæZ¡c~b© f~wgKv iv‡L| KviY
‡iwgU¨vÝ Gi gva¨‡g cÖvß A_© g~jab MV‡b mnvq_v K‡i| Avi G MwVZ g~jab cybivq
wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g AwZwi³ gybvdv AR©‡bi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i| ZvB †`Lv hvq †h,
ˆe‡`wkK †iwgU¨vÝ evo‡j wewb‡qvM e„w× cvq|
v
wkÿvi
nvi e„wׇZ : wkÿvB RvZxi †giæ`Û| †h RvZx hZ †ewk wkwÿZ †m RvZx ZZ †ewk Dbœqb
Avi GB RvZx‡K DbœZ Ki‡Z ˆe‡`wkK †iwgU¨v‡Ýi ¸iæZ¡c~b© f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| †iwgU¨Ý e„w×
‡c‡j RvZxq Avq wR.wW.wc e„w× cvq| d‡j wkÿv Kvh©µg Zivwš^Z n‡Z _v‡K|
v
‰e‡`wkK
mvnv‡l¨i Dci wbf©ikxjZv n«vm t †Kej evsjv‡`k bq we‡k¦i mKj Dbœqbkxj †`k ˆe‡`wkK
mvnv‡h¨i Dci AwaK nv‡i wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡o‡Q| G‡Z K‡i bvbvb ai‡bi mgm¨vi m„wó
n‡”Q| GgZve¯’vq G ˆe‡`wkK mvnv‡h¨i nvZ †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z n‡j cÖPwjZ †iwgU¨v‡Ýi nvi
e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e|
v
RxebhvÎvi
gv‡bvbœqb t evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Dbœq‡b †`‡ki gvby‡li RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœqb Kiv
Avek¨K| Dbœqbkxj †`k wnmv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki mvaviY gvby‡li Rxeb hvÎvi gvb Dbœq‡b
‰e‡`wkK †iwgU¨vÝ Gi ¸iæZ¡ A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv| KviY †iwgU¨v‡Ýi gva¨‡g G‡`‡ki Avq
ax‡i ax‡i e„w× cv‡”Q|
v
wk‡ívbœq‡bi
AMÖMwZ t A_©‰bwZK w`K †_‡K evsjv‡`k A‡bK wcwQ‡q| A_P AwaK nv‡i bMivqb I wkíq‡bi
Rb¨ cÖPzi A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb| GgZve¯’vq †iwgU¨vÝ e„w×i gva¨‡g g~jab MVb K‡i G‡`‡ki
GKK wKsev †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M bZzb bZzb wkíKviLvbv M‡o †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| †hwU †`‡ki
A_©bxwZ‡K AviI kw³kvjx K‡i‡Q Ges Ki‡Z f~wgKv ivL‡e|
v
‡fv‡Mi
nvi e„w× t evsjv‡`‡ki ˆe‡kw`K gy`ªv ev †iwgU¨vÝ e„w×i gva¨‡g Avcvgi Rb mvavi‡Yi
Av‡qi nvi e„w× Kiv hvq| Avi Gi d‡j me©mvavi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨vw`i †fv‡Mi gvÎvI
evo‡e| e¯‘Z G‡`‡ki †h mKj cwiev‡ii m`m¨iv we‡`‡k Kg©iZ †mme cwiev‡ii Avw_©K
Ae¯’v h‡_ó fvj _v‡K|
v
A_©‰bwZK
cÖe„w× AR©b : evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Dbœqb‡K Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z n‡j G‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×
Avek¨K| Avi G‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× AR©‡b †iwgU¨vÝ ¸iæZ¡c~b© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
e¯‘Z G‡`‡ki cÖevmx‡`i cvVv‡bv A‡_©i gva¨‡g Avq, mÂvq, †fvM, wewb‡qvM I g~jab
MV‡bi cÖeYZv e„w× cv‡”Q|
v
gvbem¤ú`
MV‡bi mnvqZv : we‡k¦i †h †Kvb †`‡ki Rb msL¨v‡K gvbe m¤ú‡` cwiYZ Ki‡Z n‡j cÖPzi
Kg©ms¯’v‡bi cvkvcvwk cÖwkÿb BDwbU MVb I cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ G‡`‡ki
Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Afv‡e †eKvi gvby‡li msL¨v w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q| GgZve¯’vq G‡`‡ki
†eKvi Rbkw³‡K we‡`‡k ißvwbi gva¨‡g †iwgU¨vÝ cÖvwßi gva¨‡g wbðqZv weavb Ki‡Z
cvi‡j Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Afve †`Lv †`‡e bv|
v
g~jab
e„w× : g~jab †h †Kvb †`‡kj RvZxq Dbœq‡bi
Zvrch©c~b© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| mvaviYZ Gi Dci wfwË K‡iB †`‡ki wkíKviLvbv, e¨emvq
evwb‡R¨i cÖmvi N‡U _v‡K| Avi hw` †`kwU I Dbœqbkxj wKsev AbybœZ nq Zvn‡j †m
†`‡ki G g~jab MV‡b ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv ev †iwgU¨vÝ h‡_ó mvnv‡h¨ K‡i|
v
RvZxq
Avq e„w× : evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Av‡qi GKwU e„nr GKwU LvZ n‡”Q †iwgU¨vÝ| g~jZ
evsjv‡`‡ki †iwgU¨vÝ Av‡qi e„w× G‡`‡ki RvZxq Dbœq‡bi c_‡K MwZkxj Ki‡Q| Avi G
Kvi‡Y MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi 2002 mv‡j ÒcÖevmx Kj¨vb gš¿bvjqÓ bv‡g GKwU
¯^Zš¿ gš¿bvjq cÖwZôv jvf K‡i|
v
Kg©ms¯’vb
m„wó : evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi GKwU Ask †eKvi, A_P G †eKvi RbmsL¨vi AwaKvskB
Avevi wkwÿZ I Kg©ÿg| GgZve¯’vq aAi †`bv K‡i cÖwZ eQi eû †eKvi †jvK we‡`‡k cvwo
Rgv‡”Q Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Avkvq| d‡j Zviv we‡`k †_‡K cÖPzi †iwgU¨vÝ †`‡k cvVv‡”Q| hvi
Kvi‡b ˆZwi n‡”Q bZzb bZzb Kg©ms¯’v‡bi|
v
MÖvgxb
A_©bxwZ kw³kvjxKiY t evsjv‡`k GKwU MÖvg cÖavb †`k| MÖvgxb A_©bxwZ G †`‡ki RvZxq
A_©bxwZi wmsnfvM `Lj K‡i Av‡Q| Avi G MÖvgxb A_©bxwZ‡K kw³kvjx Ki‡bi †ÿ‡Î
mv¤úªwZK K…wli cvkvcvwk Av‡iKwU LvZ ¸iæZ¡c~b© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| †m LvZwU nj
†iwgU¨vÝ ev ˆe‡`wkK A_©| e¯‘Z G‡`‡ki MÖvgxY Kg©ÿg †eKvi Rb‡Mvôxi weivU GK Ask
we‡`k cvwo Rgv‡”Q| DcvR©b Ki‡Q cÖPzi cwigvb ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv| G‡Z K‡i G‡`‡ki f½yi
cÖvq A_©bxwZ‡Z µgvš^‡q kw³kvjx n‡”Q|
2.3 cÖevmx‡`i †iwgU¨vÝ ‡cÖi‡b cÖwZe×KZv ev mgm¨v : evsjv‡`‡ki
A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2011 G cªKvwkZ miKvix Z_¨ Abyhvqx 1976 mvj †_‡K 2010 ch©šÍ cÖvq
70 jÿ¨ Rbkw³ ißvwb K‡i‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ AwaKvsk †jvKB A`ÿ¨ Ges AwkwÿZ| Zviv wKfv‡e
ˆea¨fv‡e UvKv cvVv‡Z nq Zv Rv‡b bv| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î Zviv A‰eafv‡e UvKv cvVvq| GQvov
e¨vs‡Ki wba©vwiZ g~‡j¨i †P‡q A‰ea Dcv‡q †cÖwiZ ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvq g~j¨I AwaK cvIqv
hvq| cÖevmx‡`i eûwea mgm¨v¸‡jvi wfZ‡i Ab¨Zg ¸‡jv n‡jv
v
‰ea
Dcv‡q A_© †cÖi‡Yi `xN©m~ÎZv
v
we‡`kx
wgkb¸‡jv mn‡hvMxZvi Afve
v
‰ea
P¨v‡b‡j †cÖwiZ ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi wewbgq nv‡ii cv_©K¨
v
‰ea
Dcv‡q A_© †cÖi‡bi Rb¨ ch©vß e¨vswKs myweavi Afve I
v
we‡`‡k
Kg©iZ‡`i e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g †jb‡`‡bi AÁZv|
GQvovI AviI wKQz
mgm¨v cwijwÿZ nq h_v
1.
A‰ea
ûwÛ e¨emvq e„w× : A‰ea ûwÛ e¨emvqB n‡jv †iwgU¨vÝ Gi cÖavb kÎæ| cÖev‡m A‡bK
evsjv‡`wk Av‡Qb hviv PvKwii cvkvcvwk ûwÛ e¨emv‡K mvBW weR‡bm wnmv‡e wb‡q‡Q| ûwÛ
e¨emvq mv‡_ RwoZ cÖevmx evsjv‡`wkiv †mLvbKvi PvKwiRxwe I e¨emvqx‡`i KvQ †_‡K
ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv msMÖn K‡i Zv we‡`kx gvwdqv P‡µi gva¨‡g wm½vcyi I nsKs †cŠ‡”Q
w`‡”Qb|
2.
DØy×Kib
wjd‡jU weZi‡bi Afve : cÖevmx evsjv‡`wkiv †Kvb mvs¯‹…wZK mvgvwRK A_ev agx©q
Abyôvb gv‡b wKš‘ Zv‡`i‡K DØy× Kivi Rb¨ wjd‡jU weZiY e¨e¯’v MÖnb Kiv nqbv|
3.
‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi
mgm¨v : cÖevmx‡`i wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv Kivi Rb¨ †Uwj‡dvb GKwU Ab¨Zg
gva¨g| †Zgwb Avevi e¨qeûj| hvi d‡j ‰e‡`wkK †iwgU¨vÝ cvVv‡` A‡bK ai‡bi mgm¨vi
m¤§ywLb n‡Z nq| myZivs †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v GKwU Ab¨Zg mgm¨v|
4.
A`ÿ
Rbkw³ t A`ÿ Rbkw³ ˆe‡`wkK †iwgU¨vÝ GKwU eo mgm¨v| Rbkw³ ißvwb I †iwgU¨vÝ
A½vw½fv‡e RwoZ| GKwU‡K ev` w`‡j Ab¨wU‡K fvev hvq bv| GB A`ÿ Rbkw³ †ev‡S bv Zviv
wKfv‡e we‡`k †_‡K UvKv cvVv‡e| hvi Kvi‡Y Zviv bvbv fv‡e cÖZvwiZ n‡”Q| myZivs
GUv GKUv eo mgm¨v|
5.
cÖevmx
Kj¨vb e¨vs‡Ki Afve t Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖevmx‡`i Rb¨ Kj¨vb e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’v †bB| hw`
Kj¨vb e¨vsK _vKZ Zvn‡j G e¨vsK eZ©gv‡b cÖwZwôZ Kg©ms¯’v e¨vs‡Ki b¨vq GKwU
Avjv`v e¨vsK wnmv‡e cÖevmx‡`i Kj¨v‡b wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡e|
6.
‡mevi
gvb I MwZ gš’i : †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †iwgU¨vÝ wnmv‡e AvMZ A_© weZi‡Yi ‡mevi gvb I MwZ
gš’i| †iwgU¨vÝ weZiYKvix kvLv mg~n mswkøó wbqš¿Kvix †_‡K DaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v KZ©„K
e¨w³MZ fv‡e m‡iRwg‡b bv wM‡q c‡ivÿfv‡e KvR cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K|
wKš‘ GwZ`m‡Ë¡I A‰eafv‡e UvKv ‡cÖi‡Yi wbðqZv I wbivcËv
_v‡K bv| Awdwmqvj P¨v‡b‡j ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv cvVv‡j Gi Awdwmqvj †iKW© _v‡K| †`‡k
mnvq m¤úwË †Kbvi mgq Zv Avq Ki gy³ _v‡K, Aciw`‡K A‰eafv‡e UvKv cvVv‡j Zvi †Kvb
Kv÷gvi Kwc †`Iqv nqbv Ges cyiv e¨vcviUv
AwbwðqZvq fiv _v‡K| myZivs cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h †`‡ki cÖe„w× I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨
ˆe‡`wkK †iwgU¨vÝ ˆeac‡_ cvVv‡bv DwPZ|
mgvav‡bi
Dcvq : ˆea Dcv‡q †cÖwiZ †iwgU¨vÝ RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡K †hfv‡e mivmwi mg„× K‡i A‰ea¨
Dcv‡q †cÖwiZ †iwgU¨vÝ ZZUv f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB †iwgU¨vÝ ‰ea cÖev‡n e„w× I
wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq wKQz c`‡ÿc MÖnb Kiv Avek¨K| †hgb-
1.
ûwÛ
e¨emvq †iva : A‰ea ûwÛ e¨emvqB n‡jv †iwgU¨v‡Ýi cÖavb kÎæ| Kv‡RB g~jZ ûwÛ‡K
cÖwZ‡iva K‡i Awdwmqvj P¨v‡b‡j ‡iwgU¨vÝ cÖevn e„w× Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
2.
G·‡PÄ
nvBm¸‡jv kw³kvjxKiY : we‡`‡k B‡Z¨vg‡a¨ ¯’vwcZ GK‡PÄ nvDm¸‡jv gvb Dbœqb I
kw³kvjx Ki‡Yi e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU GK‡PÄ nvD‡mi Kg©ZrciZv wbweo fv‡e ch©‡eÿb
Ki‡Z n‡e|
3.
‡Uwj‡dv‡bi
gva¨‡g DØy×KiY t cÖevmx‡`i wb‡R‡`i g‡`¨ †hvMv‡hvM iÿvi Rb¨ †Uwj‡dv‡b GKwU Ab¨Z
gva¨g| we‡`‡k Aew¯’Z Avgv‡`i G·‡PÄ nvDR †_‡K cÖevmx evsjv‡`wk fvB-‡evb‡`i
†Uwj‡dv‡b Kzkjvw` wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i‡K Awdwmqvj P¨v‡b‡j AZ© †cÖi‡Y DØyÏ Kiv
mnRZi|
4.
‡Z
†KvUvq e¨e¯’v : we‡`k †_‡K ˆeafv‡e UvKv cvVv‡Z Drmvn †`Iqv j‡ÿ¨ †`‡ki wewfbœ
†Kv¤úvwbi cÖv_wgK †kqv‡ii cÖevmx evsjv‡`kx‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl e¨e¯’v ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i|
GQvov
Av‡iv wKQz mgm¨v mgvav‡bi gva¨‡g ‰ea Dcv‡q †iwgU¨vÝ e„w× evov‡bv hvq|
v
DØyÏKi‡b
wjd‡jU weZiY
v
DØyÏKi‡b
†fvi Mgb
v
‡mevi
`ªæZZv cÖ`vb
v
cÖ‡bv`bvi
e¨e¯’vKiY
v
ïégy³
Kv÷gm myweav cÖ`vb
v
‡mevi
gvb I MwZ e„w×
v
mKj
Kg©Kv‡Û wbweofv‡e gwbUwis
v
`ÿ
Rbkw³ ißvwb e„w×KiY
v
cÖevmx
Kj¨vb e¨vsK MVb
3q Aa¨vq
3.1
evsjv‡`‡ki Rbkw³ ißvwb cÖevn : evsjv‡`k g~jZ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e 1976 mvj †_‡K we‡`‡k
Rbkw³ icvwšÍ ïiæ K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2010 G cÖKvwkK miKvwi Z_¨
Abyhvqx 1976 mb †_‡K 2009 mvj ch©šÍ cÖvq 59 jÿ¨ Rbkw³ ißvwb n‡q‡Q| wb‡P Rbkw³
ißvwb cÖev‡ni GKwU ZvwjKv †`Iqv nj|
|
eQi/mvj
|
Rbkw³
ißvwbi cwigvb/msL¨v
|
|
2003
|
2,54,190
|
|
2004
|
2,72,958
|
|
2005
|
2,
52, 702
|
|
2006
|
3,81,516
|
|
2007
|
8,31,609
|
|
2008
|
8,75,055
|
|
2009
|
4,75,278
|
|
2010
|
3,00,702
|
|
2011
|
5,68,062
|
|
2012
b‡f¤^i
|
5,75,389
|
ZvwjKv
: evsjv‡`k Rbkw³ ißvwb cÖevn
ZvwjKv
†_‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, 2008 mvj ch©šÍ we‡`‡k †cÖwiZ Rbkw³i cwigvb µgvMZ e„w×
†c‡q‡Q| Avevi cieZx© 2011 mvj †_‡K 2012 mv‡j Rbkw³ Avevi e„w× †c‡q‡Q| gv‡Si `yB
eQi A_©‰bwZK g›`vi Kvi‡b GB msL¨v K‡g hvq| eZ©gvb miKv‡ii DwPZ Rbkw³ ißvwbi
wbwg‡Ë bZzb bZzb kÖg evRvi †ei Kiv hv‡Z AvMvgx eQi ¸‡jv‡Z Rbkw³ ißvwbi cwigvb
m‡e©v”P msL¨vq DcbxZ Kiv hvq| wb‡b¥ wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Rbkw³i cÖevn Zz‡j avi nj|
wPÎ : evsjv‡`‡ki Rbkw³ ißvwb cÖevn wPÎ (2003-2012 b‡f¤^i)
3.2
evsjv‡`‡ki †iwgU¨vÝ Avq cÖevn : 1976 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k AbyôvwbK fv‡e Rbkw³ ißvwb
kiæ K‡i| H mgq 14,000 gvbyl Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b ga¨ cÖv‡P¨ wM‡qwQj| Ges †mB eQi Zv‡`i
†cÖwiZ ‡iwgU¨vÝ Gi cwigvb wQj 5 †KvwU
gvwK©b Wjvi|
wb‡¤œ
evsjv‡`‡ki †iwgU¨vÝ Avq cÖevn ZvwjKv|
|
eQi/mvj
|
wewjqb
Wjvi
|
|
2003
|
3.18
|
|
2004
|
3.56
|
|
2005
|
4.25
|
|
2006
|
5.48
|
|
2007
|
6.57
|
|
2008
|
9.01
|
|
2009
|
10.72
|
|
2010
|
11.00
|
|
2011
|
12.17
|
|
2012
b‡f¤^i
|
12.87
|
ZvwjKv
evsjv‡`‡ki †iwgU¨vÝ Avq cÖevn (2003-2012)
ZvwjKv
†_‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvw”Q evsjv‡`‡ki †iwgU¨vÝ Avq µgvMZ fv‡e e„w× cv‡”Q| hw`I 2008
mv‡j Rbkw³ ißvwb n«vm cvq ZeyI †iwgU¨v‡Ýi cwigvb n«vm cvq bv| miKv‡ii h_vh_
KzU‰bwZK ZrciZvi Afve I Gi Rb¨ A‡bKvsk `vqx| ZvB KzU‰bwZK ZrciZv mn kÖwg‡Ki
`ÿZv evov‡Z n‡e| wb‡¤œ †jL wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ evsjv‡`‡ki †iwgU¨vÝ Gi Avq cÖevn
†`Lv‡bv nj|
wPÎ : evsjv‡`‡ki †iwgU¨vÝ Av‡qi cÖevn wPÎ (2003-2012 b‡f¤^i)
3.3
ˆe‡`wkK Kg©ms¯’vb I †iwgU¨vÝ : ˆe‡`wkK Kgsms¯’vb Ges cvkvcvwk cÖevmx‡`i †cÖwiZ
A_© †`‡ki µgea©gvb Kg©m„R‡bi cvkvcvwk †eKvi mgm¨v n«vm, `vwi`ª we‡gvPb, ˆe‡`wkK
gy`ªvi wiRf© †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z e¨vcK Ae`vb ivL‡Q| 2010-2011
A_©eQ‡i RyjvB gvP© mgqKv‡j †iwgU¨vÝ G‡m‡Q 8611.02 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi hv
c~e©eZx© A_© eQ‡i GKB mg‡q Zzjbvq kZKiv 4.12 fvM ‡ewk| weMZ K‡qK eQ‡i cªevmx
evsjv‡`kx‡`i †cÖwiZ †iwgU¨vÝi eQi Iqvwi cwimsL¨vb wPÎ †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
cÖevmx
evsjv‡`kx Kg©Rxexi msL¨v Ges †cÖwiZ A‡_©i cwigvb
|
A_©eQi
|
Kg©Rxwei
msL¨v
|
wgwjqb
gvwK©b Wjvi
|
kZKiv
cwieZ©b%
|
‡KvwU
UvKv
|
kZKiv
cwieZ©b
|
|
2001-02
|
175
|
2501.13
|
32.89
|
14390.19
|
40.17
|
|
2002-03
|
251
|
3061.97
|
22.42
|
17719.58
|
23.14
|
|
2003-04
|
277
|
3371.97
|
10.42
|
19872.39
|
12.15
|
|
2004-05
|
250
|
3858.29
|
14.13
|
23646.97
|
18.19
|
|
2005-06
|
291
|
4801.48
|
24.78
|
32274.60
|
36.49
|
|
2006-07
|
564
|
5947.47
|
24.50
|
41298.50
|
27.96
|
|
2007-08
|
981
|
7914.76
|
32.39
|
54293.24
|
31.45
|
|
2008-09
|
650
|
9689.16
|
22.42
|
66674.87
|
22.80
|
|
2009-10
|
427
|
10987.40
|
10.40
|
76109.60
|
14.15
|
|
2010-11
|
342
|
9587.15
|
4.30
|
67806.10
|
6.67
|
2005-06
A_©eQi †_‡K †iwgU¨vÝ cÖevn Lye `ªæZ e„w× †c‡q‡Q hv ¯^vfvweK avivi †P‡q †ewk|
3.4
†`kwfwËK Rbkw³ ißvwb I †iwgU¨vÝ :
evsjv‡`‡ki
cÖevmx Rbkw³i AwaKvsk †mŠw`Avie mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ, Kz‡qZ, Igvb, gv‡jwkqv, I
wms½vcyi Kg©iZ| GQvov evnivBb, KvZvi, RW©vb, †jevbb, `wÿb †Kvwiqv, eªæbvB,
gwimvm, hy³ivR¨, Avqvij¨vÛ I BZvwjmn Ab¨vb¨ †`‡kI evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgkw³ Kg©iZ
i‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ 2001 mvj †_‡K we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k evsjv‡`wk Rbkw³ ißvbxi msL¨v
†`Lv‡bv nj|
|
mvj
|
‡mŠw`Avie
|
Kz‡qZ
|
evnivBb
|
Igvb
|
gv‡jwkqv
|
wm½vcyi
|
Ab¨vb¨
|
‡gvU
|
|
2001
|
137248
|
5341
|
4371
|
4561
|
4921
|
9615
|
6656
|
188965
|
|
2002
|
163254
|
15767
|
5370
|
3927
|
85
|
6870
|
4545
|
225265
|
|
2003
|
162131
|
26722
|
7482
|
4029
|
28
|
5304
|
11148
|
254190
|
|
2004
|
139031
|
41108
|
9194
|
4435
|
224
|
6948
|
25006
|
272958
|
|
2005
|
80425
|
47029
|
10716
|
4827
|
2911
|
9651
|
65156
|
252702
|
|
2006
|
109513
|
35775
|
16355
|
8080
|
20469
|
20139
|
40979
|
381516
|
|
2007
|
204912
|
4112
|
16433
|
17478
|
273201
|
38324
|
68188
|
802609
|
|
2008
|
132124
|
319
|
13181
|
5296
|
131762
|
56851
|
68836
|
8702609
|
|
2008
|
132124
|
319
|
13181
|
52896
|
131762
|
56851
|
68836
|
875055
|
|
2009
|
14666
|
10
|
27426
|
41704
|
22402
|
09581
|
80141
|
475278
|
|
2010
|
7069
|
48
|
21842
|
42641
|
919
|
39581
|
75840
|
390702
|
PjwZ
`k‡K †`kwfwËK Rbkw³ ißvwb cwiw¯’wZiI e¨vcK cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| 2001 mv‡j ‡gvU Rbkw³
ißvwbi cÖvq 71 kZvsk n‡q‡Q ‡mŠw`Avie Ges G nvi 2010 mv‡j n«vm ‡c‡q `vwo‡q‡Q 2
kZvsk| cÿvšÍ‡i 2001 mv‡j mshy³ Avie Avwgiv‡Z cÖvq 9 kZvsk Kgx© Mgb K‡i Ges Gi
nvi 2010 mv‡j `vovq 52 kZvsk| G †_‡K cÖZxqgvb n‡”Q †h evsjv‡`‡ki ˆe‡`wkK
kÖgevRvi ax‡i ax‡i n‡jI cÖmvwiZ n‡”Q|
4_© Aa¨vq
4.1 †iwgU¨vÝ Ges wiRvf© t m‡šÍvlRbK
ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi wiRvf© †h †Kvb †`‡ki mvgMÖxK A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b c‡_ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Dbœqbkxj †`k wnmv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv Av‡qi †ÿÎ mxwgZ|
G‡`‡ki Avg`vwbi cwigvb †ewk wKš‘ ißvbxi cwigvb Kg| cÖwZ eQi Avgiv ev‡RU NvUwZ
c~i‡bi Rb¨ FY MÖnb K‡i _vwK| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b †iwgU¨vÝ Avq m‡šÍvlRbK ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi
wiRvf© m‡e©v”P cwigv‡b Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q| Avi Gi cÖavb LvZ nj †iwgU¨vÝ| g~jZ †iwgU¨vÝ
Ges wiRvf© G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³| †iwgU¨v‡Ýi cwigvb e„w× †c‡j wiRvf© Gi
cwigvb I e„w×cvq Avevi †iwgU¨vÝ n«vm †c‡j wiRvf©I n«vm cvq| e¯‘Z evsjv‡`‡k
†iwgU¨vÝ Ges wiRvf© DfqBi cwigvb e„w× cv‡”Q|
4.2 ‡iwgU¨vÝ Gi m¤¢ebv t RxweKvi
mÜv‡b †`‡ki evB‡i Ab¨ †Kvb †`‡k evsjv‡`‡ki Kg©Rxex gvby‡liv Ae¯’vb K‡i| Zv‡`i
DcvwR©Z A_© ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvq †`‡k †cÖib Ki‡j Zv‡K Avgiv †iwgU¨vÝ ewj| cÖvq 90 jÿ
evsjv‡`wk kÖwgK we‡k¦i 155wU †`‡k Kg©iZ Av‡Q [cÖevmx Kj¨vY gš¿bvjq 2012]|
AwaKvsk cÖevmx kÖwgK evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ A‡ji evwm›`v| Zviv miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡K
†Kvb iæc mvnv‡h¨ mn‡hvwMZv cvq bv| Zv‡`i D”P wkÿv, KvwiMwi wkÿv Ges m¤ú` wKQzB
†bB| wKš‘ GB †jvK¸‡jv we‡`‡k K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡i †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K mg„× Ki‡Q|
evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki M‡elbv wi‡cvU© 2012 Abyhvqx ißvwbK…Z Rbkw³i 47% A_© avi K‡i
Ges 41% Zv‡`i Rwg RvqMv wewµ K‡i A_eiv eÜK †i‡L we‡`‡k hvIqvi LiP enb K‡i|
†hgwb K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡i we‡`k hvq †Zgwb GB Kó AwR©Z A_© ev †iwgU¨vÝ Gi A‡bK
m¤¢ebv Av‡Q wb‡¤œ Zv †`qv nj|
1.
RvZxq
A_©bxwZ kw³kvjx Ki‡Z : RvZxq A_©bxwZ kw³kvjx Ki‡Z †iwgU¨vÝ Gi m¤¢ebv A‡bK|
ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi msiÿb M‡o †Zvjv, Af¨šÍixb cyuwR cÖevn e„w× mvgvwRK ˆelg¨ I
A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Û MwZkxjZv e„w×i gva¨‡g †iwgU¨vÝ A_©bxwZ‡K kw³kvjx Ki‡Z mvnv‡h¨
K‡i _v‡K|
2.
`wi`ªZv
`~ixKi‡b m¤¢ebv t evsjv‡`k Z…Zxq we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg `vwi`ª¨cxwoZ †`k| G‡`‡k AwaKvsk
gvbyl `vwi`ªmxgvi bx‡P evm K‡i| ch©vß cwigvb †iwgU¨vÝ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g `wi`ªZv
`~ixKi‡Yi m¤¢ebv i‡q‡Q|
3.
MÖnxb
A_©bxwZ Pv½v I Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó t we‡`k n‡Z cÖvß †iwgU¨vÝ Gi gva¨‡g MÖvgxb
A_©bxwZ Pv½v I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi cÖPzi cwigv‡b my‡hvM I m¤¢ebv i‡q‡Q| cÖevmx‡`i
†cÖwiZ A_© †`‡k ÿz`ª I gvSvwi ch©v‡q wewfbœ A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Û wewb‡qvM K‡i †`‡kI
Kg©ms¯’vb Kiv m¤¢e nq|
4.
wewb‡qvM
e„wׇZ : GKwU †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b wewb‡qv‡Mi mv‡_ mivmwi fv‡e RwoZ| †`‡ki
RbM‡bi nv‡Z ch©vß cwigvb bv _vK‡j Zviv
wewb‡qvM K‡i bv| d‡j †iwgU¨vÝ Gi gva¨‡g RbM‡bi nv‡Z A_© _vK‡j cÖPzi wewb‡qv‡Mi
m¤¢ebv i‡q‡Q|
5.
‰e‡`wkK
gy`ªvi wiRvf© wbwðZ Ki‡bi m¤¢ebv : cÖevmx‡`i †cÖwiZ †iwgU¨vÝ evsjv‡`‡ki ‰e‡`wkK
gy`ªvi wiRvf© ch©vß bv n‡j Avgv‡`i A_©bxwZ ¯’wei n‡Z eva¨| KviY cÖwZ eQi
Avgv‡`i wecyj ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi cÖ‡qvRb nq Lv`¨`ªe¨mn wewea cb¨ mvgMxª, hš¿cvwZ I
wk‡íi KvPv gvj Avgv`vwb Kivi Rb¨|
6.
Af¨šÍixb
cyuwR cÖevn e„wׇZ m¤¢ebv t evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍixb cyuwRi ev¨vcK míZv i‡q‡Q|
cyuwRi ¯^íZvi Rb¨ wk‡íi cÖmvi NU‡Z cv‡iwb| wk‡íi cÖmvi Qvov GKwU †`‡ki A_©bxwZ
Dbœqb I Kg©ms¯’vb Kiv hvq bv| †iwgU¨vÝ evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍixb cyuywR cÖevn A‡bKUv
e„w× K‡iQ|
7.
g~jab
MV‡b †iwgU¨vÝ : g~jab †h †Kvb †`‡ki RvZxq Dbœq‡b AZ¨všÍ Zvrch©c~b©| mvaviYZ Gi
Dci wfwË K‡iB †`‡ki wkí KviLvbv e¨emvq evwbR¨ cÖmvwiZ nq| Avi hw` †`kwU
Dbœqbkxj wKsev AbybœZ nq Zvn‡j †m †`‡ki G g~jab MV‡b ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv ev †iwgU¨Ý
h‡_ó mvnvh¨ K‡i|
8.
RxebhvÎvi
gv‡bvbœqb t evsjv‡`‡kj gZ †h †Kvb †`‡ki RvZxq Dbœq‡b †`‡ki gvby‡li RxebhvÎvi
gvb Dbœqb Kiv m¤¢e| Dbœqbkxj †`k wnmv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki mvaviY gvby‡li RxebhvÎvi gvb
Dbœq‡b ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv ev †iwgU¨vÝ ¸iæZ¡ A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv| KviY †iwgU¨vÝ Gi gva¨‡g
G‡`‡ki gv_vwcQz Avq (wR.wW.wc) e„w× cv‡”Q Ges fwel¨v‡Z AviI e„w× cvIqvi m¤¢ebv
Av‡Q|
9.
‡fv‡Mi
nvi e„wׇZ m¤¢ebv : evsjv‡`‡ki ‰e‡`wkK Avq ev †iwgU¨vÝ e„w×i gva¨‡g Avcvgi Rb
mvaviY Gi Av‡qi nvi e„w× Kiv hvq| Avi Gi d‡j me© mvavi‡bi cÖ‡qvRb `ªe¨vw`i †fv‡Mi
gvÎvI evo‡e| e¯‘Z G †`‡ki mKj cwiev‡ii m`m¨iv we‡`‡k Kg©iZ †mme cwiev‡ii Avw_©K
Ae¯’v h‡_ó fvj _v‡K|
10.
gyRywi
e„w×i m¤¢ebv t evsjv‡`‡ki †m me GjvKv †_‡K kÖwg‡Kiv kÖ‡gi D‡Ïk¨ ewnt¯’všÍi K‡i
¯^vfvweK fv‡e †h ¯’v‡bi wewfbœ Kg© †hgb, K…wl, wkí, kÖwg‡Ki msKU †`Lv w`‡Z
cv‡i| GgZve¯’vq †mme ¯’v‡b kÖwg‡Ki gyRywi e„w× cv‡”Q| Ges AviI gRywi e„w×
cvIqvi m¤¢ebv i‡q‡Q| D`vniY ¯^iæc-wm‡jU †Rjvi K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|
11.
Avq
ˆelg¨ n«vm : evsjv‡`k †_‡K †hme gvbyl ewnt¯’vbvšÍi K‡i Zv‡`i AwaKvsk Mwie| e¯‘Z
Gme ewnt¯’všÍvi Kvix ev Mwie gvbyl we‡`k †_‡K cÖPzi cwigv‡b ˆe‡`wkK ‡iwgU¨vÝ
gy`ªv AR©b K‡i| Gi d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb †`‡ki ¯^vfvweK A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× cvq Ges
Ab¨w`‡K Af¨šÍixb abx Mix‡ei ˆelg¨ `~i Ki‡bi `viæb m¤¢ebv i‡q‡Q|
D³
Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wbwðZ fv‡e cÖvgvwbZ †h GKwU †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b †iwgU¨vÝ
¸iæZ¡c~b© A‡bK| we‡klZ evsjv‡`‡ki gZ GKwU Dbœqbkxj †`‡k †iwgU¨vÝ Gi A‡bK m¤¢ebv
i‡q‡Q| hv ïay Avgv‡`i A_©‰bwZK w`K Pv½v K‡i bv eis Avgv‡`i Rxeb gvÎvi gvb‡K
h‡_ó mPjI mg„Ï Ki‡Z mvnv‡h¨ Ki‡Q Ges fwel¨Z Ki‡e|
5g Aa¨vq
5.1
Dcmsnvi t evsjv‡`‡ki ‰e‡`wkK †iwgU¨vÝ Gi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~b© gva¨g nj †iwgU¨vÝ nj
†iwgU¨vÝ Avq| GB †iwgU¨vÝ Avq cÖwZwU Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki Rb¨B ¸iæZ¡c~b©| we‡kl K‡i
evsjv‡`‡ki gZ Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki Rb¨ cÖevmx‡`i cvVv‡bv A‡_©i f~wgKv Acwimxg| we‡k¦i
35wU AwaK †`k †_‡K cÖevmx evsjv‡`kxiv †`‡k A_© †cÖib K‡i _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦i
wewfbœ †`‡k cÖ‡q 4 wgwjqb evsjv‡`kx cÖevm Rxebhvcb Ki‡Q|
ga¨cÖv‡P¨i
†`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †iwgU¨vÝ ‡cÖi‡bi ‡ÿ‡Î †mŠw`Avie kx‡l©| Gici Kz‡qZ, Av‡gwiKv, Avie
AvwgivZ, hy³ivR¨, Igvb gv‡jwkqv, KvZvi, wm½vcyi BZ¨vw` †`kmg~n i‡q‡Q Gi A¯’vqx
Pzw³wfw³K PvKzwi‡Z we‡`k hvq †hLA‡b ¯’vqx emev‡mii m¤¢ebv LyeB Kg| †h‡nZz Zv‡`i
fwel¨r AwbwðZ, ZvB hZUv m¤¢e Avq K‡i †`‡k cvVvq myLx my›`i Rxeb hvcb Gi Rb¨|
Gme Kvi‡Y ˆe‡`wkK †iwgU¨vÝ Avgv‡`i Rb¨ Avwk¦©ev` ¯^iæc|
6ô Aa¨vq
6.1 Z‡_¨i
Drm mg~n t-
§
evsjv‡`‡ki
A_©bxwZ- gÄyi ‡gv‡k©`
§
evsjv‡`‡ki
mgvRweÁvb-cÖ‡dmi †gv; mvgm&-Dj Avjk
§
evsjv‡`k
e¨vs‡Ki M‡elbv wi‡cvU©-2012
§
evsjv‡`k
cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv 2012
§
‰`wbK
Kv‡jiKÚ cwÎKv, 10 Rvbyqvwi 2013
§
÷vi
weR‡bm wi‡cvU©, 2012
§
cÖevmx
Kj¨vb gš¿bvjq evsjv‡`k wi‡cvU© 2012
§
Rbkw³
I cÖwkÿb e¨y‡iv wi‡cvU© 2012
§
DBwKwcwWqv
§
Google Internet
§
www.
bangladesh-bank.org
§
evsjv‡`k
B‡KvwbwgK Avc‡WU-2011-12
§
evsjv‡`k
A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb Ad B›Uvib¨vkbvj wiµzwUs G‡R›Um (BAIRA) wi‡cvU©
2012|
§
Bangladesh
research publocation journal [issn.1998-2003] Voluni :4 issue :3, page :
286-296, septomber-october, 2010]
§
evsjv‡`‡ki
mgvRweÁvb : Avi.wm cvj|
Comments
Post a Comment