টার্ম পেপার

¯’vbxq Ávb m¤úwK©Z Dcjwä

G Aa¨vq ¯’vbxq Áv‡bi cUfzwg wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i | GUv‡K wewfbœ fv‡e mÁvwqZ Ges wKfv‡e ¯’vbxq Ávb ˆeÁvwbK Ávb †_‡K wecwiZ Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i | ¯’vbxq Ávb M‡elbv Zvi cvwicvwk©K cwi‡e‡ki mgm¨v‡K we‡ePbv K‡i Ges GwU †h e¨vw³ we‡k‡l wfbœ nq Zv D‡jøL K‡i | ¯’vbxq Ávb n‡jv ¯’vbxq gvby‡li DËvivwaKvi my‡Î cÖvß Abb¨ ¸bvewj | GwU µgea©gvb fv‡e GKwU m¤ú`‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`q †h GUvi ˆeÁvwbK Áv‡bi mv‡_ m¤úyb© msMwVZ nIqv DwPZ Kvib GwU  MÖv‡gi Dbœqb gyjK cÖK‡íi Rb¨ Dchy³ cwiKíbv‡K Av‡iv DbœZ Ki‡Z cv‡i | Dbœqb gyjK cÖwµqvq K…l‡Ki Ask MÖn‡bi ¸iæË¡ eZ©gv‡b e„w× cv‡”Q †hwU M‡elK Ges Dbœqb Kwg ©Øviv ¯^xK…Z Ges mviv we‡k¦ Ask MÖnb c×wZi gva¨‡g Dbœqb cÖwµqv Pj‡Q | ¯’vbxq Ávb n‡jv GKwU wbw`©ó †Mvwó Øviv M„nxZ Ávb | ¯’vbxq kãwU HwZn¨ Ges †`wkq k‡ãi cÖwZ kã | ˆeÁvwbK cÖwZôvb †hgb wek¦we`¨vjq I miKvix M‡elbv †K›`ª cÖwZôvi d‡j GB Ávb c„_K n‡q‡Q | Iqvb©vi Ges µvkg¨vb ¯’vbxq Ávb‡K Ggb fv‡e mÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb †h GwU n‡jv RvwZMZ †Mvwói AwfÁZv Ges Áv‡bi mgwó hv cwiwPZ I AcwiwPZ mgm¨ mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wm×všÍ cÖbqb K‡i | GL‡bv ch©šÍ ¯’vbxq Ávb Ges ˆeÁvwbK Áv‡bi ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ weZK© gyjK | weMg Ges †K¬ Gi g‡Z cÖavb cv_©K¨ n‡jv Ávb Awf‡hvRb Gi  Dci h_vh_ gbwb‡ek Kiv Ges mvgvwRK ms¯’v I M‡elbv c×wZ Df‡qi Dci Kg gbwb‡ek K‡i | nIm Ges †P¤^vi mycvwik K‡ib †h ¯’vbxq Ávb I ˆeÁvwbK Ávb‡K wZb fv‡e gyj¨vqY Kiv hvq t †kÖbx web¨v‡mi GKwU c×wZ wnmv‡e , fwel¨Z evbxi GKwU c×wZ I e¨vL¨v wnmv‡e Ges Avin‡bi cÖmv‡ii w`K wnmv‡e | hLb ¯’vbxq Ávb Ges weÁvb †K cÖ_g wbY©qK Øviv cv_©K¨ Kiv nq †mLv‡b weÁvb n‡jv D”PZi wØZxq wbY©vqK | mv`„k¨ fv‡e IqvKvi mycvwik K‡i †h ¯’vbxq I ‰eÁvwbK Ávb ‡gŠwjK Ges wPšÍv gyjK ¯Íi wKš‘ GwU n‡jv †gŠwjK MVb , cÖwZôvwbK AeKvVv‡gv , cÖhyw³MZ myweav, MÖnb †hvM¨Zv Ges `„k¨c‡Ui gvÎv |

¯’vbxq Áv‡bi ˆewkô¨vewj t m¤¢ve¨ Ges mxgve×Zv

we‡klZ ¯’vbxq Ávb n‡jv †UKmB Dbœq‡bi mv‡_ mv`„k¨ cyb© | GwU ¯’vbxq fv‡e Dchy³ Ges ¯’vbxq kZ© I Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ cwiwÿZ Ges AvÂwjK mvgvwRK cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ m¤úyb© iæ‡c m¤úK© hy³| ¯’vbxq Ávb n‡jv MwZwkj I Awf‡hvwRZ Ávb,   kZvwã a‡i cÖmyZ Ges GwU mvgvwRK I cwi‡e‡ki cwieZ©b‡K mn‡R gvwb‡q †bq | GwU mnR ek¨ Ges msiÿb †hvM¨ G Rb¨ GwU be cªewZ©Z Ges cwiwÿZ | Bnv SzwK Kg‡bvi †KŠkj cÖ`vb K‡i hvi d‡j MÖvgxb Rb‡Mvwô KwVb mg‡q I wU‡K _vK‡Z cv‡i | M‡elbv I Dbœq‡b `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K ¯’vbxq Áv‡bi m¤¢ve¨ e¨envi‡K IqvKvi mswÿßKv‡i cwi‡ewôZ K‡i‡Qb, m¤úyb© fv‡e ˆeÁvwbK avibv‡K eyS‡Z ¯’vbxq gvbyl‡K GwU weKwkZ K‡i‡Q, `y®úÖvc¨ ‰eÁvwbK Rbkw³ cwicyY© Ki‡Z ¯’vbxq fv‡e AbymÜv‡bi c×wZ¸‡jvi D™¢e K‡i‡Q, ¯’vbxq Ávb‡K †evSv Ges M‡elvbvi mv‡_ GKwÎZ Kiv Kv‡Ri Abywjwc Gov‡bvi Rb¨ c×wZi D™¢ve K‡i‡Qb , ev¯Íe awg© M‡elbvi D‡Ïk¨ I Abygvb mievi‡ni gva¨‡g weÁvb wfwËK M‡elbvi mgm¨v‡K jÿ Kivi Rb¨ mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q | evsjv‡`‡ki  RxweKvi Dci ¯’vbxq MÖvgxb Drcv`‡bi wbf©iZv GUv wbwðZ K‡i †h ¯’vbxq Ávb n‡jv †`wkq A_ev wbw`©ó mv¤úª`vwqK Ávb | GUv Bnvi Ab¨b¨ cwi‡ek Ges mgv‡Ri MÖnb †hvM¨Zv‡K wmwgZ K‡i †`q | mvgvwRK I cwi‡ekMZ Kv‡Ri ¯^vfvweK fv‡e `yªZ cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq Ávb GKwU wek¦vm †hvM¨ c×wZ Kvib GwU wU‡K _vKvi ÿgZv †h †Kvb cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨ ch©vß | gvbyl K`vwPr GwUi msiÿb K‡i wKš‘ †ewki fvMB gy‡Li fvlvi gva¨‡g cÖRb¥ †_‡K cÖRb¥ ¯’vbšÍi nq | GUv we¯§„Z †h GwU wPiZ‡i nvwi‡q †h‡Z cv‡i wKš‘y Avgiv †mUv NU‡Z †`e bv |

¯’vbxq Áv‡bi M‡elbv

weÁv‡bi wKQz P¨v‡j gyjK wel‡qi †cÖÿvcU †_‡K ¯’vbxq Áv‡bi M‡elbv nq | cÖ_gZ , ¯’vbxq Ávb‡K †kÖbxweb¨vm Kiv KwVb Kvib GwU mvwe©K ¯^fv‡ei Ges cÖPwjZ weÁv‡bi Rb¨ kvLvwš^Z bq| Bnv wbw`©ó ¯’v‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK© hy³ Ges ¯’vbxq `kv n‡Z RvZ | GwU GL‡bv Af¨šÍi¯Í welq †_‡K wfbœ | GUv avibv Kiv hvq †h K…wl ev¯‘we`¨vi nvZ a‡i mvgvwRK m¤úK© GK‡Î DbœZ n‡Z cv‡i | wØZxqZ , ¯’vbxq Ávb c×wZ mvgvwRK b„-weÁvwb‡`i Øviv ‡ewk PwP©Z nq Kvib Zviv mvgvwRK Ávb †evSvi Rb¨ AwaKvsk mgqwU wewfbœ ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ wb‡R‡K wbgw¾ iv‡L | wbgw¾Z welq ZK© mv‡cÿ A‰eÁvwbK | GwUi †Kvb cye© wba©vwiZ MVb ev ZË¡ †bB | hvi djmyªwZ‡Z GwU A‡bK †ÿ‡Î †h Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i Zvi wbY©q Kiv KwVb | b„-weÁvwbiv gvby‡li M‡elbvi †ÿ‡Î AfxÁ wKš‘ A‡b¨i Kv‡Q Zv‡`i AwfÁvZv wewbg‡qi c_Uv KwVb Kvib Zviv Rv‡bbv Zviv wK Rvbv‡Z Pvq | GwU MÖvgxb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ DcKvwi bq Kvib GB Ávb I AwfÁZv †Kej gvÎ b„-weÁvwb‡`i g‡a¨ wmgve× | MÖgxb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡`i †K Aek¨q Dbœqb cwiKíbvKvwi‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi c_ ˆZwi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb |

Z…ZxqZ t K…wl Ges A_©‰bwZK m¤úwK©Z ˆeÁvwbK avibv ¯’vbxq Áv‡bi Øviv e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î SzwKcyb© n‡Z cv‡i | GwU e¨vcK fv‡e weK…Z nq hv b„-weÁv‡bi fvlvq b„- ga¨cš’v e‡j | hvi d‡j M‡elKiv Zv‡`i evwn¨K AwfÁZvi †cÖÿvc‡U ¯’vbxq Ávb PP©v‡K eyS‡Z I gyj¨vqb Ki‡Z Pvq G‡ÿ‡Î Zviv †Kvb wbqg Zvwš¿K mvs¯‹…wZK kZ©‡K we‡ePbvq iv‡L bv |

PZz_©Z t Zviv wKfv‡e GB Ávb e¨envi K‡i †mUv Ly‡R cvIqv A‡bK KwVb | Ávb mievin Kvwiiv wK welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Q ‡mLv‡b Zviv Zv‡`i e¨vw³MZ gZev` w`‡q n¯’‡ÿc K‡i hvi Rb¨ mK‡j me kã eyS‡Z cv‡ibv | e¨venvwiK AwfÁZv Ges HwZn¨MZ Áv‡bi gva¨‡g gvbyl Zvi Ávb Ab¨ cÖR‡b¥i g‡a¨ ¯’vbšÍi K‡i Ges †hwU mewKQz cwiwPZ k‡ãi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv | G †ÿ‡Î Ávb, AwfÁZv Ges e¨envwiK wkÿvi gva¨‡g ¯’vbšÍi nq | AwfÁZv †_‡K cÖvß Ávb †Kvb m‡PZ‡bZv QvovB e¨envi Ki‡Z cviv GgbwK GB m‡PZb Ávb †Kvb wbqgwbwZ Qvov ewY©Z n‡Z cv‡ibv | GwU †Kvb cÖwµqv‡K †ei K‡i Avb‡Z msm„ôKib K‡ib bv eis Ab¨‡`i e¨venv‡ii Rb¨ ciewZ© Kv‡j Áv‡bi Dc¯’vcb K‡i | hv †nvK Ávb mievinKvwi Z_¨ cÖKv‡k AbB”Qv †cvlb K‡i Kvib †m ¯^xKvi K‡i †h Ávb avib Zvi ÿgZv I gh©v`v e„w× K‡i |

cÂgZt ¯’vbxq Ávb M‡elbvi cÖavb mgm¨ n‡jv †hvMv‡hvM Kvib GwU wewfbœ ms¯‹…wZi mswgkªb | `ÿZv Ges cwiwPZ †Kvb avibv I cÖwµqv †K cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i †mwU mvÿvZKv‡ii gva¨‡g †ei nq Ges Áv‡bi ¸bv¸b‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i | hw` mvÿvZKv‡ii Rb¨ gvbylwU AwfÁ nq Z‡e Zvi cy‡e©i Ávb I wm×všÍ †bqvi cÖwµqv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z nq Kvib G †ÿ‡Î †m me Zv‡`i Kv‡Q cwiwPZ bq | me©‡k‡l M‡elK‡`i Øviv GUv avibv Kiv hvq †h Rb‡Mvwô wb‡q M‡elbvi mgq Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni †ÿ‡Î GUv cÖfvweZ K‡i | G Ávb †K †ei K‡i Avbvi Rb¨ mvgvwRK I Af¨šÍixY evav Kgv‡Z n‡e  Ges me welq mgwóMZ fv‡e eyS‡Z n‡e | hw` M‡elK g‡b K‡i †h H Ávb msev` `vZvi fzwgKv BwZevPK ZLb †m wb‡R‡K GKRb weÁvwb A_ev cwiKíbvKvwi wnmv‡e cwiPq w`‡Z cv‡i |

Áv‡bi mZš¿ cÖK…wZ

GKwU †Mvwôi wewfbœ m`m¨‡`i Áv‡bi cÖKvi Ges gvÎv‡K A‡bK wbqvgK cÖfvweZ K‡i cvkvcvwk GB Ávb Zv‡`i †K Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kivi ÿgZv cÖ`vb K‡i | M‡elK Ges Dbœqb Kwg©iv  GUv ¸iæË¡cyb© fv‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i †h š’vbxq Ávb GKwU †Mvwói g‡a¨ wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i Ges GUv ¸iæË¡cyb© Z_¨‡K wPýZ K‡i †mwU Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mnvqK nq Ggb wKQz cÖavb wbqvgK wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv|

·        GKRb e¨vw³i Rxe‡bi AwfÁZv Zvi eqm Øviv cÖfvweZ nq | Avgiv GKwU †Mvwói ga¨ †_‡K Ggb GKRb eq¯‹ e¨vw³‡K Avkv Ki‡ev †h AwZ‡Zi K…wl Kv‡Ri mvdj¨ I e¨_©Zv m¤ú‡K© A‡bK Rv‡b |

·        cÖw_ôvwbK wkÿv Áv‡bi aib‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i | we‡klZ hviv GwU‡K ‡jŠwKKZv ewR©Z fv‡e cÖKvk K‡i mvgvwRK wbqvgK ¸wj wkÿvMZ mvdj¨ I cÖ‡ek AwaKvi‡K cÖfvwKZ K‡i †hgb m¤ú` Ges RvwZ |

·        GKRb e¨vw³i Ávb wj½ ØvivI cÖfvweZ nq | we‡klZ †hLv‡b wj½MZ kªg‰el¨g¨ Av‡Q wj½ cÖwZôvwbK Áv‡bi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi †KI cÖfvweZ K‡i |

·         ‡ckv GKRb gvby‡li Áv‡bi aib m¤ú‡K© AewnZ K‡i |‡Kvb we‡kl welq wb‡q M‡elbv Ki‡Z A_ev e„nr Rb‡Mvwói ga¨ †_‡K †ckv m¤úwK©Z Ávb Avn‡ivb Ki‡Z ev eyS‡Z Ggb we‡kl‡Ái cÖ‡qvRb nq |

·        GKRb e¨vw³i †Kgb Ávb Av‡Q †mwU cwi‡ek ØvivI cÖfvweZ nq †mwU Aek¨B wbw`©ó ¯’vb Abyhvwq n‡e | †Kej gvÎ GKwU †Mvwôi  Pjgvb m`m¨‡`iB wewfbœ GjvKv m¤ú‡K© Ávb _v‡K | wewfbœ ai‡bi ev¯y‘MZ Ávb wewfbœ gZev‡`i cÖwZdjb K‡i  †hwU km¨ Drcv`b‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i †hgb Rjevqy , gvwUi aib , myg`ªc„ô n‡Z D”PZv BZ¨vw` | ¯’vb m¤úwK©Z avibv †hgb evRv‡ii eZ©gvb Ae¯_v wbw`©ó km¨ Pvlvev‡`i wel‡q wm×všÍ wb‡Z Ges Áv‡bi cwiwa‡K evov‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i |

 Dcmsnvi t MÖvwgb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq Ávb GL‡bv GKwU Ae¨eüZ m¤ú` wnmv‡e ¯^xK…Z | †¯‹jvi GUv wbb©q K‡i †h ¯’vbxq Ávb PP©v‡K Kv‡R bv jvMv‡bvi d‡j MÖvwgb Rb‡Mvwôiv  cÖhyw³MZ wewfbœ mgm¨ mgvav‡bi †ÿ‡Î e¨_© n‡q‡Q | †eªv‡Kbmv Zvi wewfbœ †Km ÷vwW‡Z cÖgvb K‡i †h wKfv‡e ¯’vbxq Ávb‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q I Rb‡Mvwó‡`i AskMÖnb e„w× K‡i †UKmB MÖvwgb Dbœqb Kiv hvq | GwUi A_© GB bq †h ¯’vbxq Ávb ˆeÁvwbK Ávb †_‡K AwaK D”PZi| K_b Ges †Kv_vq ˆeÁvwbK Áv‡bi cwieZ©b Kiv cÖ‡qvRb ¯’vbxq Ávb †mwU †evSv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges wKfv‡e ‡mwU wU‡K _vK‡K cv‡i I wKfv‡e †mUv‡K Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e †m wel‡q I mvnvh¨ K‡i | MÖvwgb Dbœq‡bi mydj Av‡iv e„w× Kivi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq Áv‡bi wU‡K _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| GB ai‡bi c×wZ K…lK‡`i Rb¨ A‡bK DcKvwi Kvib GwU Awf‡hvRb ÿgZv bZzb cÖhyw³ †_‡K †ewk | ¯’vbxq Ávb Ges ‰eÁvwbK Ávb †K Zzjbv K‡i mgwš^Z Kiv n‡j wewfbœ Dbœqb gyjK mgm¨vi Dchy³ mgvavb Kiv hv‡e |